The following article was written by Tal Gilad two years ago and translated into English by Bat-Zion Susskind - Sacks
In recent
years, an acceptable social custom has been spreading, to discredit Bar Kochba
(in Hebrew it means the “son of stars”). It kind of looks wise and realistic,
we will all become an Ilana Dayan of the Jewish history, especially if we add
that Chazal, likewise, treated him skeptically and called him “Bar Koziba
(false messiah).”
Ben Kusba was his official name on his driver’s license., so the most one could do with it is play with one letter. So, perhaps, his name was written differently because of pronunciation. However, Chazal’s main doubt stemmed from the fact that some of them were hoping that he was the Mashiach and it turned out that he was not. It is not even certain that Bar Kochba regarded himself as such. It is merely hinted in one folklore tale which is not based on a true event. In all references, he addresses himself as Shimon Bar Kusba, the president of Israel, not a mashiach and not even Bar Kochva.
Ben Kusba was his official name on his driver’s license., so the most one could do with it is play with one letter. So, perhaps, his name was written differently because of pronunciation. However, Chazal’s main doubt stemmed from the fact that some of them were hoping that he was the Mashiach and it turned out that he was not. It is not even certain that Bar Kochba regarded himself as such. It is merely hinted in one folklore tale which is not based on a true event. In all references, he addresses himself as Shimon Bar Kusba, the president of Israel, not a mashiach and not even Bar Kochva.
Alas, a
nation’s history is not composed merely of victories and successes.
As a matter of fact, most rebellions in the world failed, naturally. An uprising is generally attempted by the weak against those who are stronger, but all those failed rebellions turned to be a symbol of national pride which awards them with adrenaline to keep on going.
As a matter of fact, most rebellions in the world failed, naturally. An uprising is generally attempted by the weak against those who are stronger, but all those failed rebellions turned to be a symbol of national pride which awards them with adrenaline to keep on going.
The Slovaks
proudly point out and built museums and monuments to commemorate their uprising
against the Nazis in 1944 which ended in an excruciating defeat. Bridges,
streets and squares are named after it. The Poles share the same sentiments
regarding their revolt in that same year which ended in a destruction of Warsaw
with 250,000 dead. A quarter of a million(!) and no one is yelling “Why did we
even bother.” The why is clear, they were fighting a conqueror.
The
Hungarian revolt against the Austrians in 1848 ended up in their rout and the
execution of its commanders. Yet, that does not prevent from the Hungarians to
mark their Independence Day on the 15th of March, the date of the
outbreak of the revolt, each year. In Madagascar, the uprising against the French, in which at least 30,000 locals
were killed, is proudly celebrated each year. There are plenty of other
examples.
Even the American National anthem, the “Star Spangled Banner,” which Americans sing fervently with a hand on their heart was written during the war of 1812, which, itself, was not a glorious success, to say the least. The anthem originated in the battle at Fort McHenry in which the Americans were not even able to respond as the British bombarded them incessantly with long range canons and the writer simply got excited at the sight of the banner that continued to fly despite the shelling.
Even the American National anthem, the “Star Spangled Banner,” which Americans sing fervently with a hand on their heart was written during the war of 1812, which, itself, was not a glorious success, to say the least. The anthem originated in the battle at Fort McHenry in which the Americans were not even able to respond as the British bombarded them incessantly with long range canons and the writer simply got excited at the sight of the banner that continued to fly despite the shelling.
From the
little that is known about Bar Kochba’s rebellion, it shows that it was well
planned, realistic, devoid of religious hysteria, attributes that
differentiated it from the previous revolt. The rebels prepared for it secretly
and even dug a tunnel system in the style of the Vietcong Cauchi Tunnels. The
command was central and organized, unlike in the previous one, and the number
of fighters was much greater.
The Romans
had difficulties crushing the uprising. One legion was destroyed entirely.
Others absorbed great losses. At one stage, the Romans were able to concentrate,
in Judea, one third of the army of the great empire. Finally, Julius Severos, a
Roman Senator, stationed in Britain was sent to Judea. He is the one who was
finally able to overcome the Jews through isolation and a siege while slowly
approaching Beitar. In the eyes of the Romans, it was regarded as a great
victory against a bitter enemy.
The outcome of the revolt was indeed devastating. And I deliberately use the term “the outcome of the revolt’ and not the “revolt caused,” because the revolt did not cause, the Romans did. The resistance of the raped did not cause the beating of the rapist. She cannot be guilty for trying to resist. The revolt resulted in hundreds of thousands of dead, the dwindling down of the Jewish settlement, exile and gradual emigration following edicts that were issued. And worst of all -the horrible name Palestine – the curse of Adrian. Despite all of that, there has always been continuous Jewish settlement in Eretz Yisraelsrael and the Bar Kochba revolt was not the last one. How many of us heard of the revolt of Gallus in 351? Yes, another Jewish uprising against Rome, headed by a man whose name is not so pleasant to the ear, Patricious, who was also considered a messiah until he, too, failed. Another revolt took place in the seventh century against Byzantine. It lasted four years and ended with a settlement which was revoked through Christian incitement and led, as usual, to the slaughter of Jews.
These revolts are hardly mentioned in our history perhaps because they were small and perhaps because it was in violation of the three oaths which gained much more validity after the Bar Kochba revolt – no to rebelling against the gentiles, no to climbing the wall and lastly, the need to wait patiently, when the wise Jewish elders said: Leave national honour aside, it is more important to secure the people at any cost. Don’t resist, first remain alive, the rest will be taken care of later.
The outcome of the revolt was indeed devastating. And I deliberately use the term “the outcome of the revolt’ and not the “revolt caused,” because the revolt did not cause, the Romans did. The resistance of the raped did not cause the beating of the rapist. She cannot be guilty for trying to resist. The revolt resulted in hundreds of thousands of dead, the dwindling down of the Jewish settlement, exile and gradual emigration following edicts that were issued. And worst of all -the horrible name Palestine – the curse of Adrian. Despite all of that, there has always been continuous Jewish settlement in Eretz Yisraelsrael and the Bar Kochba revolt was not the last one. How many of us heard of the revolt of Gallus in 351? Yes, another Jewish uprising against Rome, headed by a man whose name is not so pleasant to the ear, Patricious, who was also considered a messiah until he, too, failed. Another revolt took place in the seventh century against Byzantine. It lasted four years and ended with a settlement which was revoked through Christian incitement and led, as usual, to the slaughter of Jews.
These revolts are hardly mentioned in our history perhaps because they were small and perhaps because it was in violation of the three oaths which gained much more validity after the Bar Kochba revolt – no to rebelling against the gentiles, no to climbing the wall and lastly, the need to wait patiently, when the wise Jewish elders said: Leave national honour aside, it is more important to secure the people at any cost. Don’t resist, first remain alive, the rest will be taken care of later.
“He should
have known.” The same words would have been said about Judah the Maccabee, if
the Revolt he had led had failed, about Ben Gurion, if, G-d forbid, we would
have lost in 1948. One can say that about almost any revolt in the history of
mankind. Revolt is a combination of a moral right and a calculated risk.
Generally, the rebels know that their odds are few, but they know that they
have to fight for their freedom, to send a clear message: We shall not
surrender, a message that is addressed to the conqueror and future generations.
So, without
any doubt – he was a hero, he called for freedom, albeit for a short time, but
let us give him the honour that the man, who carried out one of the most
difficult revolts against the Roman Empire, deserves.
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